“Pump the concrete too quickly and
the tremie hose is going to want
to push itself out of the concrete,
which can be a huge issue.”
– Justin Beaveridge, Dragados-Canada
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“To combat the artesian pressure,
you need to prepare water to pour
into the shaft as you’re vibrating
the sections of liner down and drilling,”
he said. “We had several shafts
on the go at any given time and each
required about 350 cubic metres
of water. The maximum artesian
water pressure we’d encounter was
approximately three metres above
the ground we were working on, so
to prevent any blow-ins within the
drilled shaft itself, we always had
five metres of extra pipe and water
above ground level to maintain positive
pressure within the shaft.” To
ensure that the water pressure from
below didn’t bring “dirty” artesian
ground water into the drilled shaft
before the casing was sealed to the
bedrock, the water pressure also
had to be maintained above the soil
plug, “in the bottom of the giant
steel cylinder we’re vibrating into
the ground.”
“GFL used a Watson 3110 – a very
small drill – to start a two- or threemetre
pilot hole, just enough to
allow us to lift the steel liners,” which
were 5.5- to 8.5-metre sections of
19-millimetre-thick, 3.143-metrediameter
spiral steel piles, said
Beaveridge. “The first couple of
metres were critical to ensure both
the horizontal position and the verticality
of the liner. They’d pick up the
steel liner with the King Kong (APE
Model 400) vibrator hooked up to one
of their cranes, drop it into the predrilled
hole and vibrate the liner into
the ground with little or no drilling.”
Then the crew would pick up the
second pipe section using the clamps
on the vibrator, place it carefully
atop the section of casing already
in the ground, position it with help
from the backing plate and begin
Complete-Joint-Penetration (CJP)
welding the joint to ensure watertightness
and full structural integrity
of the casing “so that it’d stay in good
shape and not crumple when we were
vibrating the pile,” he said. When
approximately a metre of that section
remained out of the ground, the third
section would be placed, CJP-welded
and then vibrated down and seated
into the bedrock, “with seven to eight
metres of stick up so that there would
be at least five metres of water head
above ground level.”
“Most of the time we were using
a Bauer BG 45, eventually upgrading
to a BG 50. At that point we’d auger
down, remove the material, all the
while maintaining the water level in
the shaft.”
PILING CANADA 11
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