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600 Ferguson Avenue North
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8L 4Z9
Tel: 1.905.528.7924 Fax: 1.905.528.6187
Toll Free: 1.800.668.9432 (in Canada and USA)
www.berminghammer.com
Email: bfssales@berminghammer.com
accessible surface. The pulse propagates into the test area
and is reflected by flaws or interfaces. The emitted impulse
and the reflected acoustic waves are monitored at the
receiving transducers. The signals are analyzed to calculate
the wave’s travel time. If the wave’s speed in the material is
known, this travel time can be used to evaluate the thickness
of the medium. Depending on the multi-layer system
under investigation, the travel time of shear or compressive
waves is used to evaluate the thickness of each layer. The
application of these methods for bridge deck scanning can
be time consuming since a proper scan requires very close
spacing between the test locations.
Concluding remarks
Most of the tests that are currently included in most bridge
deck condition surveys can be replaced or complemented
with commercially available NDT solutions. Most NDT
solutions can deliver results with equal or higher accuracy,
while reducing the inspection timeline and minimizing
intrusion in the structure, thus reducing further damage to
critical elements.
Application of different NDT methods for detailed bridge
condition surveys have been studied by many researchers
and engineers. These techniques can be enhanced
when combined with more advanced structural health
monitoring solutions to bring real-time data collection
and monitoring capabilities for bridge owners and
maintenance managers.
References
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanfang%27ao_Bridge –
Last visited 11 May 2020.
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_Morandi.
3. www.infrastructurereportcard.org/cat-item/bridges/
Last visited 11 May 2020.
4. The Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (S6-14, 2014).
5. Mermigas, K.K. (2018) “Evolution of Bridge Practices in
Ontario, Canada.” Structures Standing Committee.
6. Nenad Gucunski, National Research Council (U.S.).
Transportation Research Board, Second Strategic
Highway Research Program (U.S.) (2013) “Nondestructive
Testing to Identify Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration.”
7. Zoubir Lounis and Lyne Daigle (2008) “Reliability-
Based Decision Support Tool for Life Cycle Design and
Management of Highway Bridge Decks.”
8. Ministry of Transporation (2008) “Ontario Structure
Inspection Manual (OSIM).
9. M. Malhotra, Nicholas J. Carino, (2003) “Handbook on
Nondestructive Testing of Concrete.”
10. ASTM C1383-15, Standard Test Method for Measuring the
P-Wave Speed and the Thickness of Concrete Plates Using
the Impact-Echo Method, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org.
11. ASTM C876-15, Standard Test Method for Corrosion
Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete, ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org.
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